{"id":4782,"date":"2015-09-07T10:33:49","date_gmt":"2015-09-07T10:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/?page_id=4782"},"modified":"2015-09-07T10:33:50","modified_gmt":"2015-09-07T10:33:50","slug":"portfolio-page-2-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/?page_id=4782","title":{"rendered":"Sam Manning Draft Copy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"themify_builder_content-4782\" data-postid=\"4782\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-4782 themify_builder themify_builder_front\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t\t<div data-gutter=\"gutter-default\" class=\"themify_builder_row module_row module_row_0 clearfix gutter-default builder-parallax-scrolling fullheight\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0,0,0, 0.64)\" data-color=\"rgba(0,0,0, 0.64)\" data-hover-color=\"rgba(0,0,0, 0.65)\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-full first tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-0-0-1\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-0-0-1   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Sam Manning<\/h2><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Calypso Star<br \/><\/em><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner_wrapper -->\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t\t<div data-gutter=\"gutter-default\" class=\"themify_builder_row module_row module_row_1 clearfix gutter-default\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover\"  ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-full first tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-1-0-1\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-1-0-1   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>&#8220;Nothing&#8217;s definite about Sam Manning&#8230;apart from the fact we know he existed!&#8221;<\/em><\/h3><h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">-John Cowley, Insititute of Commonwealth Studies Fellow<\/h4>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner_wrapper -->\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t\t<div data-gutter=\"gutter-default\" class=\"themify_builder_row module_row module_row_2 clearfix gutter-default\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover\"  ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-full first tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<!-- module video -->\n<div id=\"video-4782-2-0-1\" class=\"module module-video video-4782-2-0-1 video-overlay  \">\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"video-wrap\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"post-video\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"River Island x Jean-Pierre Braganza\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/120475215?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"500\" height=\"213\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"><\/iframe><\/div>\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/video-wrap -->\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module video -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner_wrapper -->\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t\t<div data-gutter=\"gutter-default\" class=\"themify_builder_row module_row module_row_3 clearfix gutter-default\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover\"  ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-full first tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"themify_builder_sub_row\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclearfix gutter-default sub_row_3-0-1\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col4-2 first\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-sub_row_3-0-1-0-0\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-sub_row_3-0-1-0-0   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<p>Sam Manning was born in Couva, Trinidad in 1897, a British colony since 1797. Its inhabitants held two conflicting world views: first the false ideal of the empire; and second that of anti-imperial rebelliousness &#8211; expressed in events such as Trinidad\u00b4s water riots of 1904.<\/p><p>In Trinidad, Manning found work variously as a motor mechanic, chauffer and even as a jockey.<\/p><p>Perhaps to escape poverty, Manning travelled to London and enlisted into the Middlesex Regiment to fight for Britain. He served in France before being transported to the British West Indies Regiment in Palestine.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col4-2 last\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module image -->\n<div id=\"image-4782-sub_row_3-0-1-1-0\" class=\"module module-image image-4782-sub_row_3-0-1-1-0 drop-shadow bordered image-top  \">\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Sam-Manning-Online-Image-2-300x250.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" alt=\"Sam Manning Draft Copy\" \/>\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\n\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-sub_row_3-0-1-1-1\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-sub_row_3-0-1-1-1   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Sam Manning, c. 1910<\/strong><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner_wrapper -->\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t\t<div data-gutter=\"gutter-default\" class=\"themify_builder_row module_row module_row_4 clearfix gutter-default\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover\"  ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-full first tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-4-0-1\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-4-0-1   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<h3><em>Show Business<\/em><\/h3>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-4-0-2\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-4-0-2   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<p>While waiting to be demobilised at the end of war, Manning took up <em>\u201cconcert party work under the Colours.\u201d <\/em><\/p><p>Once demobbed, he set out on vaudeville tours of the Caribbean islands. As an entertainer, his shows involved singing Caribbean calypso songs and performing humorous sketches and characters.<\/p><p>In New York, with the help of its West Indian community, Manning made a name for himself on the Harlem circuit, creating comical interpretations of black culture for the wealthy white population.<\/p><p>His calypso style was strongly influenced by city\u2019s jazz musicians. His records were sold as both traditional island folk songs and as commercial novelties.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner_wrapper -->\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t\t<div data-gutter=\"gutter-default\" class=\"themify_builder_row module_row module_row_5 clearfix gutter-default\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover\" style=\"background-color: rgba(244,250,175, 1)\" data-color=\"rgba(244,250,175, 1)\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col3-1 first tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module image -->\n<div id=\"image-4782-5-0-1\" class=\"module module-image image-4782-5-0-1 drop-shadow bordered image-top  \">\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/2015_esch_ww1m_p08_01-Copy-765x1024-300x250.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" alt=\"Sam Manning Draft Copy\" \/>\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\n\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-5-0-2\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-5-0-2   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Sam Manning c.1920<\/strong><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col3-2 last tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-5-1-1\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-5-1-1   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<h3><em>Radicalism<\/em><\/h3>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-5-1-2\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-5-1-2   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Manning increasingly associated himself with radical circles: from acting in avant-garde leftist plays in New York to becoming the Secretary for Propaganda for the International Friends of Abysini. He became a business partner, and perhaps lover, to Amy Ashwood Garvey (ex-wife of the Pan-Africanist leader, Marcus Garvey). Together they put on satirical shows, started a newspaper and founded the Florence Mills Social Club on Carnaby Street &#8211; the centre of London\u00b4s radical community of the 1930s.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner_wrapper -->\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t\t<div data-gutter=\"gutter-default\" class=\"themify_builder_row module_row module_row_6 clearfix gutter-default\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover\" style=\"background-color: rgba(138,11,11, -0.01)\" data-color=\"rgba(138,11,11, -0.01)\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-full first tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-6-0-1\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-6-0-1   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Manning always struggled to make ends meet. The Second World War spoilt his hopes of touring calypso bands in Britain &#8211; in competition with African-American jazz bands. Manning died in Kumasi, Ghana in 1960.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u201cWe\u2019re back to this idea, what\u2019s nationality? What is Africa? What is Britain? What is the empire? Or, they all mixed up and you don\u2019t know where one begins and one ends: a bit like Sam Manning\u2019s life I think.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>John Cowley, ICWS Fellow<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner_wrapper -->\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t\t<div data-gutter=\"gutter-default\" class=\"themify_builder_row module_row module_row_7 clearfix gutter-default\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover\" style=\"background-color: rgba(138,12,12, 1)\" data-color=\"rgba(138,12,12, 1)\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col4-1 first tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module gallery -->\n<div id=\"gallery-4782-7-0-1\" class=\"module module-gallery gallery-4782-7-0-1 gallery gallery-columns-1 layout-lightboxed bordered  wow fadeIn\">\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<dl class=\"gallery-item\" style=\"\">\n\t\t\t<dt class=\"gallery-icon\"><a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Sam-Manning-Online-Image-2.jpg\" title=\"Sam Manning Online Image 2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Gallery-Logo-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" alt=\"Sam Manning \" \/><\/a><\/dt>\n\t\t<\/dl>\n\n\t\t\t<dl class=\"gallery-item\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t<dt class=\"gallery-icon\"><a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/2015_esch_ww1m_p08_01-Copy.jpg\" title=\"2015_esch_ww1m_p08_01 - Copy\">1397<\/a><\/dt>\t\t\t<dd class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\">\n\t\t\t\tSam Manning c. 1920 (Courtesy of Steve Shapiro)\t\t\t<\/dd>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/dl>\n\n\t\t\t<dl class=\"gallery-item\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t<dt class=\"gallery-icon\"><a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/2015_esch_ww1m_m08_02.jpg\" title=\"2015_esch_ww1m_m08_02\">1951<\/a><\/dt>\t\t\t<dd class=\"wp-caption-text gallery-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t'Monster Benefit' Poster, 16th December 1924 (courtesy of Steve Shapiro)\t\t\t<\/dd>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/dl>\n\n\t\t\t<dl class=\"gallery-item\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t<dt class=\"gallery-icon\"><a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/african-Blues.jpg\" title=\"african Blues\">1881<\/a><\/dt>\n\t\t<\/dl>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module gallery -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col4-3 last tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-7-1-1\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-7-1-1   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>View Sam Manning&#8217;s Photo Gallery <br \/><\/em><\/h3>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\n<!-- module text -->\n<div id=\"text-4782-7-1-2\" class=\"module module-text text-4782-7-1-2   \">\n\t\n\t\t\n\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(Click Camera Button)<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner_wrapper -->\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t\t<div data-gutter=\"gutter-default\" class=\"themify_builder_row module_row module_row_8 clearfix gutter-default\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover\"  ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col4-1 first tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module feature -->\n<div id=\"feature-4782-8-0-1\" class=\"module module-feature feature-4782-8-0-1 with-chart layout-icon-top size-medium  \">\n\n\t\n\t\n\t<figure class=\"module-feature-image\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Sam-Manning_Longer-Read.pdf?iframe=true&#038;width=100%&#038;height=100%\" class=\"lightbox\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"module-feature-chart\" data-percent=\"100\" data-color=\"rgba(0,0,0, 1)\" data-trackcolor=\"rgba(0,0,0,.1)\" data-linecap=\"butt\" data-scalelength=\"0\" data-rotate=\"0\" data-size=\"150\" data-linewidth=\"2\" data-animate=\"2000\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"module-feature-icon fa fa-file-pdf-o\" style=\"color: rgba(0,0,0, 1)\"><\/i>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .chart -->\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t<\/figure>\n\n\t<div class=\"module-feature-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"module-feature-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Sam-Manning_Longer-Read.pdf?iframe=true&#038;width=100%&#038;height=100%\" class=\"lightbox\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tRead\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0PDF Version<br \/><\/span><\/p>\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module feature -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col4-1 second tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module feature -->\n<div id=\"feature-4782-8-1-1\" class=\"module module-feature feature-4782-8-1-1 with-chart layout-icon-top size-medium  \">\n\n\t\n\t\n\t<figure class=\"module-feature-image\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/?page_id=267&#038;iframe=true&#038;width=100%&#038;height=100%\" class=\"lightbox\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"module-feature-chart\" data-percent=\"100\" data-color=\"rgba(0,0,0, 1)\" data-trackcolor=\"rgba(0,0,0,.1)\" data-linecap=\"butt\" data-scalelength=\"0\" data-rotate=\"0\" data-size=\"150\" data-linewidth=\"2\" data-animate=\"2000\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"module-feature-icon fa fa-headphones\" style=\"color: rgba(0,0,0, 1)\"><\/i>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .chart -->\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t<\/figure>\n\n\t<div class=\"module-feature-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"module-feature-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/?page_id=267&#038;iframe=true&#038;width=100%&#038;height=100%\" class=\"lightbox\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tListen\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0Listen to the Oral Histories <br \/><\/span><\/p>\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module feature -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col4-1 third tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module feature -->\n<div id=\"feature-4782-8-2-1\" class=\"module module-feature feature-4782-8-2-1 with-chart layout-icon-top size-medium  \">\n\n\t\n\t\n\t<figure class=\"module-feature-image\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Sam-Manning_Longer-Read.pdf?iframe=true&#038;width=100%&#038;height=100%\" class=\"lightbox\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"module-feature-chart\" data-percent=\"100\" data-color=\"rgba(0,0,0, 1)\" data-trackcolor=\"rgba(0,0,0,.1)\" data-linecap=\"butt\" data-scalelength=\"0\" data-rotate=\"0\" data-size=\"150\" data-linewidth=\"2\" data-animate=\"2000\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"module-feature-icon fa fa-eye\" style=\"color: rgba(0,0,0, 1)\"><\/i>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .chart -->\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t<\/figure>\n\n\t<div class=\"module-feature-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"module-feature-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Sam-Manning_Longer-Read.pdf?iframe=true&#038;width=100%&#038;height=100%\" class=\"lightbox\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tWatch\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0Video made by students <br \/><\/span><\/p>\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module feature -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col4-1 last tb-column \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- module feature -->\n<div id=\"feature-4782-8-3-1\" class=\"module module-feature feature-4782-8-3-1 with-chart layout-icon-top size-medium  \">\n\n\t\n\t\n\t<figure class=\"module-feature-image\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Sam-Manning_Longer-Read.pdf?iframe=true&#038;width=100%&#038;height=100%\" class=\"lightbox\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"module-feature-chart\" data-percent=\"100\" data-color=\"rgba(0,0,0, 1)\" data-trackcolor=\"rgba(0,0,0,.1)\" data-linecap=\"butt\" data-scalelength=\"0\" data-rotate=\"0\" data-size=\"150\" data-linewidth=\"2\" data-animate=\"2000\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"module-feature-background\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0, -0.01)\"><\/div>\t\t\t\t<i class=\"module-feature-icon fa fa-facebook-official\" style=\"color: rgba(0,0,0, 1)\"><\/i>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .chart -->\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t<\/figure>\n\n\t<div class=\"module-feature-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"module-feature-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Sam-Manning_Longer-Read.pdf?iframe=true&#038;width=100%&#038;height=100%\" class=\"lightbox\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tShare\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0Share this page on social media <br \/><\/span><\/p>\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module feature -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/col -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/row_inner_wrapper -->\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/module_row -->\n\t\t\t\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/themify_builder_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sam ManningCalypso Star\u00a0 &#8220;Nothing&#8217;s definite about Sam Manning&#8230;apart from the fact we know he existed!&#8221;-John Cowley, Insititute of Commonwealth Studies Fellow Sam Manning was born in Couva, Trinidad in 1897, a British colony since 1797. Its inhabitants held two conflicting world views: first the false ideal of the empire; and second that of anti-imperial rebelliousness [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":12,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4782","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4782"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4784,"href":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4782\/revisions\/4784"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/soldiers.hidden-histories.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}